Heroes Day or Hari Pahlawan

November 10, Monday

Heroes Day or Hari Pahlawan
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Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan) is a national commemoration day in Indonesia, celebrated annually on November 10. It honors those who fought for the country’s independence and defended its freedom. This day holds deep historical and cultural significance, as it reminds people of the sacrifices, courage, and determination of the Indonesian people in the struggle against colonial rule.

Historical basis of the holiday

The date is linked to an important event — the Battle of Surabaya, which took place on November 10, 1945. It was one of the largest and most significant battles in Indonesia’s fight for independence after the end of World War II. The residents of Surabaya, including students, workers, and ordinary citizens, rose in armed resistance against British forces attempting to regain control over the territory after the Japanese forces withdrew.

Although Indonesians suffered heavy losses, the bravery of Surabaya’s defenders strengthened the spirit of resistance and became an important symbol of national unity and the pursuit of freedom.

How it is celebrated

On Heroes' Day, official ceremonies, commemorative events, and patriotic programs are held throughout Indonesia.

Common forms of celebration:

* Holding memorial ceremonies at military cemeteries.
* Raising the flag and performing the national anthem.
* Wreath-laying and moments of silence in memory of the fallen.
* Cultural events, theatrical performances, and documentary screenings.
* Educational programs in schools explaining the events of 1945 and the significance of the struggle for independence.

Symbolism of the holiday

Heroes' Day is not only a holiday for the military. It emphasizes that a hero can be anyone who acts for the good of the country, protecting its values, culture, and freedom. In national memory, heroes are not only soldiers but also teachers, students, parents, and workers — everyone who contributed to the development and strengthening of the state.

Significance for modern society

This day reminds the younger generation of the importance of:

* Patriotism
* Unity and solidarity
* Values of freedom and independence
* Responsibility to the country and society

In Indonesia, it is said that Heroes' Day is not only a remembrance of the past but also a call to action in the present to continue building a free and just nation.

Interesting fact

In schools and government institutions in Indonesia, it is customary to say *"Jas Merah"* — short for *"Jangan sekali-kali melupakan sejarah"*, which means “Never forget history.” This phrase has become an important motto of Heroes' Day.
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Heroes Day or Hari Pahlawan in other years

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