Restoration of Sovereignty Day
April 28, Monday
Historical Context
Following the end of World War II in 1945, Japan was under the control of the Allied occupation forces, primarily the United States, under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur. The occupation lasted for about seven years. On September 8, 1951, the San Francisco Peace Treaty was signed between Japan and 48 countries. It formalized the end of the state of war and established peaceful relations between Japan and most of the countries involved in the conflict. On April 28, 1952, the treaty entered into force, ending the occupation and re-establishing Japan as an independent nation.
Celebration and Significance
First Official Celebration. Restoration of Sovereignty Day was first officially observed on April 28, 2013, at the initiative of then Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. The event was part of efforts to strengthen national identity and Japanese pride in their history.
Political Context. Restoration of Sovereignty Day highlights the importance of national independence and Japan's role in the international arena. It also serves as a reminder of the country's transition from occupation to a democratic state with a market economy.
Celebrations. Festive events include official ceremonies, speeches by government officials, and coverage of the historical role of the San Francisco Treaty. Lectures and discussions dedicated to the event are often held in schools and universities.
Public Attitudes. Attitudes toward this day in Japanese society are ambiguous. For some, it symbolizes national revival and restoration of international status, while for others, it is a reminder of the difficulties and losses that Japan experienced during the occupation and war.