Trianon Treaty Day
June 4, Wednesday
Historical context
The Treaty of Trianon defined new borders following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. As a result:
* Romania gained Transylvania, Maramureș, Crișana, Banat, and part of Partium.
* Hungary lost more than 70% of its prewar territory and about 60% of its population.
* A significant Hungarian minority, especially in Transylvania, became part of Romania.
For Romanians, this event became a symbol of national unification, while for Hungarians it represented a tragedy involving the loss of historical lands.
Establishment of the commemorative date
The initiative to establish this day was led by Senator Titus Corlățean. The bill was proposed in 2015 but was passed only in 2020. The President of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, signed it into law on November 18, 2020.
How it is observed
Although not a public holiday, the day is marked by various events:
* Raising the national flag in public spaces.
* Organization of cultural and educational programs about the significance of the Treaty of Trianon.
* Support from governmental and local authorities for commemorative events.
Political context
The establishment of this date sparked controversy both in Romania and abroad. The Hungarian minority in Romania and Hungarian authorities viewed it as a political gesture against Hungarians. Some believe the date was chosen as a response to Hungary’s Day of National Unity, also observed on June 4.
Conclusion
The Day of the Signing of the Treaty of Trianon in Romania is a commemorative date reflecting the region's complex history and the differing perspectives on past events.