Midsummer Day
23 - June 24, Monday – Tuesday
Historical and Cultural Significance
Jāņi has been celebrated in Latvia for centuries, long before the arrival of Christianity. It is named after John the Baptist (Jānis in Latvian), but the holiday retains many pre-Christian elements. It is a time to honor nature, fertility, and the renewal of life. The celebration is closely tied to Latvian folklore, songs, and customs.
Traditional Customs and Activities
Latvians celebrate Jāņi with a variety of customs that reflect their connection to nature and community. Some of the most common traditions include:
- Wearing wreaths made of flowers and oak leaves (men typically wear oak leaf crowns, while women wear flower wreaths)
- Singing traditional folk songs called "Līgo songs," which often include the refrain "Līgo, Līgo"
- Lighting bonfires and jumping over them for good luck and to ward off evil spirits
- Staying awake all night to greet the sunrise
- Enjoying traditional foods and drinks, such as caraway cheese (Jāņu siers) and beer
Symbolism and Beliefs
Many of the customs associated with Jāņi are symbolic:
- The bonfire represents the sun and is believed to bring fertility and protection
- Wreaths are thought to have magical properties, protecting against evil and bringing good health
- Dew collected on Jāņi morning is believed to have healing powers
Modern Celebrations
Today, Jāņi is a national holiday in Latvia, and most people take time off work to celebrate with family and friends. Rural areas and countryside homes are popular places for festivities. Despite modernization, many Latvians continue to observe traditional customs, making Jāņi a vibrant and meaningful celebration of Latvian identity and heritage.
Conclusion
Midsummer Day in Latvia is more than just a holiday—it's a celebration of life, nature, and national culture. With its rich traditions and joyful atmosphere, Jāņi remains a cherished time for Latvians to connect with their roots and each other.