Independence Day
June 12, Thursday
Historical Background
On June 12, 1898, Filipino revolutionary leader General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the independence of the Philippines from Spain in Kawit, Cavite. The event included the unfurling of the Philippine flag and the playing of the national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang," for the first time. Although the Philippines would later come under American and then Japanese control, June 12 remains a symbol of the country's enduring struggle for freedom.
Official Recognition
Originally, Independence Day was celebrated on July 4, the date when the United States officially recognized Philippine independence in 1946. However, in 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal signed a proclamation moving the celebration to June 12 to honor the original declaration of independence from Spain. This change was later formalized by Republic Act No. 4166 in 1964.
Traditional Celebrations
Independence Day is observed with various activities, including:
- Flag-raising ceremonies held in government offices, schools, and public spaces
- Parades showcasing military personnel, cultural performers, and floats
- Speeches by government officials, including the President of the Philippines
- Fireworks displays in major cities
- Cultural programs and exhibits highlighting Filipino heritage and history
Symbols of the Day
Several national symbols are prominently featured during the celebrations:
- The Philippine flag, which is displayed in homes, buildings, and public areas
- The national anthem, "Lupang Hinirang," sung during official ceremonies
- Images and tributes to national heroes such as José Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, and Emilio Aguinaldo
Modern Observance
Today, Independence Day is a time for Filipinos to reflect on their history, express national pride, and celebrate their cultural identity. It is a public holiday, meaning schools and most businesses are closed, allowing families to participate in events or spend time together.