European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism

August 23, Saturday

The European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism, also known as Black Ribbon Day, is observed annually on August 23. It commemorates the victims of totalitarian regimes, specifically those who suffered under Stalinist and Nazi rule in Europe during the 20th century. The date marks the anniversary of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, a non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union that included secret protocols dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of influence. This agreement led to the invasion and occupation of several countries and the beginning of World War II.

Purpose and Significance
The day serves as a reminder of the atrocities committed by totalitarian regimes and aims to promote democratic values, human rights, and the rule of law. It honors the memory of millions of victims who were subjected to mass deportations, executions, forced labor, and other forms of repression. The observance also encourages historical reflection and education to prevent the recurrence of such ideologies.

Recognition and Observance
The European Parliament officially recognized the day in a resolution adopted in April 2009, calling for a united approach to the crimes of totalitarian regimes. Several European countries, particularly those in Central and Eastern Europe that experienced both Nazi and Soviet occupation, hold commemorative events, including:

- Public ceremonies and wreath-laying at memorials
- Educational programs and exhibitions
- Speeches by political leaders and survivors
- Moments of silence and candlelight vigils

Historical Context
The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact facilitated the division and occupation of Poland, the Baltic States, and parts of Finland and Romania. The consequences were devastating: mass arrests, executions, and deportations carried out by both Nazi and Soviet forces. The pact is widely seen as a symbol of the collusion between two oppressive regimes that led to immense human suffering.

Legacy
The European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism plays a crucial role in preserving the memory of those who suffered under totalitarian rule. It fosters a culture of remembrance and resilience, ensuring that the lessons of history are not forgotten and that future generations remain vigilant against the threats of extremism and authoritarianism.

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European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism in other years

2021 August 23, Monday
2022 August 23, Tuesday
2023 August 23, Wednesday
2024 August 23, Friday
2026 August 23, Sunday

European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism in other countries