The Day uprising of 1991
March 5, Wednesday
Causes of the Uprising
Regime Repression. Under Saddam Hussein's regime, Iraq was repressive, especially against the Shi'ites in the south and the Kurds in the north. For decades, the government pursued a policy of violence and suppression of any opposition.
Economic Difficulties. The Gulf War and sanctions imposed by the international community severely undermined the Iraqi economy. As a result, most of the population suffered from poverty and lack of food and medical care.
Growth of opposition. During the Gulf War, many Iraqis believed that the international coalition would support them in their fight against the Hussein regime. After the war, the government army was weakened and hopes for change grew among the people.
Aftermath of the uprising
Humanitarian crisis. The crackdown resulted in massive civilian casualties. Tens of thousands of people are estimated to have died and hundreds of thousands were forced to flee their homes. Many sought refuge in neighboring countries, especially Iran and Turkey.
Political changes. The 1991 uprising had a profound impact on Iraqi society and was a milestone in the history of the struggle for the rights of Shiites and Kurds in Iraq. Although it did not immediately lead to the fall of the Hussein regime, the international community drew attention to the oppression of ethnic and religious minorities in the country.
Creation of a safe zone. Under international pressure, the UN and the US established “safe zones” in northern Iraq to protect the Kurds from further repression. These zones effectively became autonomous zones for the Kurds.
Inspiration for future protests. Despite its defeat, the uprising became a symbol of resistance to the regime and inspired further movements against Hussein’s dictatorship, which eventually led to his overthrow in 2003.
The day of the 1991 uprising remains an important date for Iraqis, especially Shiites and Kurds, as a day of remembrance for the victims and resistance to the dictatorship. The day serves as a reminder of the brutal repression and the importance of unity in the fight for justice and human rights. In recent years, Iraq has seen commemorations, events and prayers to honor the dead and pay tribute to those who fought for freedom.